Imaging modalities play a crucial role in the comprehensive management of spinal trauma, offering detailed insights into bony structures, soft tissue involvement, neurological status, and functional outcomes. This narrative review explores the diverse array of imaging modalities utilized in spinal trauma assessment, including radiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine techniques, ultrasound, and emerging technologies. Each modality's strengths, limitations, and clinical applications are examined, emphasizing their contributions to diagnosis, treatment planning, surgical interventions, and long-term monitoring. The review delineates the anatomy and pathophysiology of spinal trauma, highlighting mechanisms of injury, classification systems, and injury patterns. Clinical applications of imaging in spinal trauma management, such as diagnosis and classification of spinal injuries, preoperative planning, monitoring, and imaging-guided interventions, are thoroughly discussed. Additionally, the role of imaging algorithms, multidisciplinary approaches, and artificial intelligence (AI) applications in decision-making processes is explored. Future directions in spinal trauma imaging, including advances in technology, AI-driven innovations, and research needs, are considered, offering insights into potential enhancements in diagnostic accuracy, workflow efficiencies, and personalized care pathways. Overall, this review underscores the critical importance of integrating imaging findings into multidisciplinary protocols, trauma algorithms, and clinical decision-making processes to optimize patient outcomes in spinal trauma management.