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ISSN 2063-5346
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THE ROLE OF BLACK POMEGRANATE (PUNICA GRANATUM L.) PEEL EXTRACT IN MODULATION OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE IN RATS

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Farah K Jameel, Falah M K AL-Rekabi
» doi: 10.31838/ecb/2023.12.s2.232

Abstract

The chronicity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the progression of resistant and unpredictable outcomes, and the disruptive nature of bowel tissue with a disability have all made it a noteworthy challenge for gastrointestinal (GI) experts around the world. In addition, Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an incurable, inflammatory disease that affects the colon and rectum. It is one of the two primary kinds of IBD. The goal of the study is to evaluate the efficiency of black pomegranate peel ethanolic extract (Punica granatum L.) (BPPE) in curing colitis induced in rats model by 2, 4 dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS). A total 75 female Wistar rats divided into five equal groups. UC was induced by administration of 15mg/kg B.W of DNBS in 0.25 ml of 50% ethanol intrarectally to four groups (control positive and 3 treated groups). The fifth group (control negative) administered 0.25ml of 50% ethanol intrarectally. Six days after DNBS-induced colitis first group (G1) treated with sulfasalazine 25 mg/kg B.W. TID, PO for 30 days, and another treated groups (G2) and (G3) administrated BPPE 100 and 200 mg/kg B.W sid PO for 30 days. Control negative administrated distilled water orally for 30 days. Five rats after 2 ,4 weeks of treatment, and the remaining five rats after one week of treatment withdrawal have been sacrificed from each group. The clinical signs, body weight, colonic tissue macroscopic score, Gross lesion, histopathological changes, the microscopic score, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured. After rectal administration of DNBS, diarrhea, and bloody stools were observed directly during the experimental periods in control positive group and gradually decreased in the treated groups with BPEE. The result of macroscopic observation of the colon showed there was a significant decrease in treated groups (sulfasalazine, BPPE 100mg/kg B.W, BPPE 200 mg/kg B.W) in comparison with control positive. The gross appearance of colorectal tissue of the experimental groups showed various gross pathological changes in animals that received a single dose of DNBS demonstrated by extensive mucosal damage. Four weeks post-treatment the gross changes of sulfasalazine & BPPE-treated rats (200mg/kg) were less severe compared with lesions of 2 weeks of treatment and characterized by mild thickness with separated small foci of ulcerative and hyperemic mucosa. Histopathological Finding was represented by various histopathological lesions in the colon tissue of experimental groups such as severe loss of entire mucosa and crypts (ulcer). The animals of both groups treated by PBEE 100 and 200 mg/Kg.BW exhibited the colonic columnar re-epithelization was marked with mild to moderate necrotic and cellular debris covering the mucosal surface after four weeks of treatment,, However, one week after stopping treatment, re-epithelization was observed also. It could be concluded that both 100 mg/Kg.BW and 200 mg/Kg.BW of BPPE taken orally for 30 days have the ability to treat ulcerative colitis, however 100 mg/Kg.BW is the superior dosage rate.

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