Air pollution is a significant environmental challenge that poses serious threats to public health worldwide. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the adverse effects of air pollution on public health and explores various strategies to mitigate its negative impacts. The review encompasses epidemiological evidence linking air pollution exposure to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and other health outcomes. Additionally, it discusses regulatory measures, technological innovations, and community-based interventions aimed at reducing air pollution levels and safeguarding public health. Through a critical analysis of current literature and policy initiatives, this paper aims to highlight the urgency of addressing air pollution as a public health priority and promote effective strategies for mitigating its detrimental effects.