In comparison to other illnesses found in the human body, dental diseases are the most prevalent, and caries, which affects the hard tissue of the teeth, is the most frequent type of dental disease. Epidemiological studies have shown that caries can spread anywhere between 70% and 90% of the time and there is now no downward trend. The goal of scientific study is: The use of contemporary testing determinants to assess the importance of parental socio-economic circumstances, maternal health, and child health in the genesis of carious and non-carious damage to hard dental tissue in children and adolescents. On the basis of the Information Letter card approved by order of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 0461 of February 01, 2018 "On improving the methods of early diagnosis and prevention of dental caries in children," we conducted surveys among students of secondary school No. 16 of Bukhara town and parents residing in the Kuksaroy block, Shark-1, between 2016 and 2018. Conclusions: The family's medical and social environment, maternal health, particularly in the context of a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy, medical supervision, different somatic disorders, and a number of factors during childbirth all play a significant role in the future health of the child, including the development of healthy tooth tissue. Of course, anemia, hepatitis, diseases of the ear, nose, and throat, disorders of the internal secretory glands, and acute respiratory illnesses in the mother during pregnancy and after delivery are key contributors to toothache, severe tissue injury, non-caries, and caries.