Preventing neurologic impairment linked to premature delivery is a significant obstacle in the field of perinatal medicine today. The main topic of this review, magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), has been suggested as a significant advancement in that regard. MgSO4 is inexpensive, readily available, and has been suggested as an essential component of the care of unavoidably premature birth. Numerous systematic reviews have examined the outcomes of the numerous RCTs on the use of MgSO4 for neuroprotection; other studies have concentrated on dosage regimens and side effects; very few have examined the mechanism of action of magnesium. As for managing the unavoidable preterm birth, numerous guidelines globally have highlighted MgSO4 as a crucial component of daily best practice due to its demonstrated ability to lower the likelihood of severe neurologic deficiency, specifically cerebral palsy, in individuals who are correctly selected. The benefits of using antenatal MgSO4 increase with increasing prematureness. We concluded that prenatal MgSO4 is safe and effective in preventing cerebral palsy in premature infants, according to several recent studies. It is thought to be efficient without sacrificing security. It should be mentioned that research is now being done on other neuroprotective substances, such as melatonin. The significant advantages of delaying cord clamping should not be overlooked by clinicians, especially in cases of premature birth.