The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unique challenges for healthcare workers worldwide and led to an increase in stress, anxiety, and burnout. This randomized controlled study was intended to assess the efficacy of psychological interventions that were tailored to physicians, nurses, and other healthcare personnel. Three modalities were compared: examples of online CBT, mobile app-based resilience programs, and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Participants (N = 300) were randomly assigned to one of the intervention groups or a matched control group. At baseline, after intervention and 3 months follow up, standardized psychological assessments were received accordingly. A comparison of results revealed that the CBT group and the MBSR group both demonstrated significant improvement in anxiety, depression, perceived stress, burnout, and resilience scores while the control group was unchanged. We registered high adherence levels, and users of the interventions gave positive reviews. Psychological outcomes of the CBT and MBSR groups were compared, and no significant differences were revealed. Those results point to how efficient and feasible the use of special psychological interventions can be in reducing the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare workers.