A large percentage of patients with "Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)" experience peripheral neuropathy. For the efficient treatment and prevention of this crippling illness, it is crucial to comprehend the prevalence and underlying causes of peripheral neuropathy in persons with T2DM. Methods: The goal of this study, which was carried out in a tertiary care setting, was to identify the prevalence and root causes of peripheral neuropathy in T2DM patients. Clinical examination and nerve conduction investigations were used to evaluate peripheral neuropathy in a total of 500 T2DM patients. Results: The study population had a 52.4% prevalence of peripheral neuropathy. “Distal symmetric sensorimotor neuropathy (DSSN)”, which accounted for 75.6% of cases, was the most prevalent kind of neuropathy. Other forms of neuropathy, such as autonomic neuropathy and mononeuropathy, were not very common. Longer duration of diabetes, poor glycemic control, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were all significant risk variables linked to the emergence of peripheral neuropathy in T2DM patients. Conclusion: In this tertiary care context, peripheral neuropathy affects more than half of the patients. It is a prevalent consequence of T2DM. The most typical form of neuropathy is DSSN. In T2DM patients, recognizing and treating risk factors such poor glycemic control, hypertension, and dyslipidemia can help postpone or avoid the onset of peripheral neuropathy. For patients with T2DM and peripheral neuropathy, early diagnosis and effective care are crucial for avoiding complications and enhancing quality of life.