It is a chronic inflammatory illness that affects the mucous lining of oral cavity. OLP is an autoimmune disorder in which the oral epithelium's basal cells apoptosis is brought on by T- lymphocytes. Several antigen-specific and non-specific inflammatory mechanisms have been proposed to explain why CD8+ T cells homing and sub-epithelially concentrating lead to keratinocyte death. There are several different therapeutic alternatives, such as topical corticosteroids and laser ablation of the lesion. In this work, we examine several hypotheses on the pathogenesis of OLP as well as potential therapeutic approaches.