Background: The research article delves into the critical role of operating room (OR) nurses in ensuring patient safety during surgery, highlighting the complexity and challenges faced in the intraoperative period. Patient safety in the OR is paramount, with adverse events during surgery being a leading cause of disability and mortality. The World Health Organization emphasizes the importance of safe surgery to prevent avoidable harm and complications. Despite rigorous safety protocols, errors can still occur, underscoring the need for vigilant nursing care and advocacy for patient safety. Objective: The main objectives of this review are to explore the attitudes and perceptions of OR nurses towards their roles and responsibilities for patient care and safety, investigate how nurses' understanding impacts patient outcomes, and identify factors hindering nurses' comprehension of their roles in patient care and safety measures. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study underscores the crucial role of OR nurses in maintaining a sterile environment, assisting the surgical team, monitoring patients for post-surgical complications, and providing essential patient education and advocacy. By understanding and fulfilling their roles effectively, OR nurses can significantly enhance patient outcomes and safety measures in the operative theatre. Addressing the challenges and risks inherent in the intraoperative environment is vital for improving patient safety and overall quality of surgical care.