Providing clean and affordable water to satisfy human necessities is a grand challenge of the 21stcentury. Worldwide, environmental concerns related to water cleanliness are not restricted to developed countries alone but are the most fundamental human and environmental requirements. Currently, waste water treatment remedies are not acceptable to satisfy the water sanitation needs. As rapid industrialization and urbanization, releases various toxic compounds into the waterbodies, polluting both fresh and marine water resources. So, to conquer this problem bioremediation is the process which is used to neutralizing the toxic compounds present in the natural waterbodies. Several processes have been proposed for the wastewater treatment but most of them have some limitations like high cost effective, poor capacity etc. Bioremediation is the process which is widely used for the wastewater treatment. Recently, great attentions have been paid to microbial fuel cells (MFCs) because of their slight operating conditions and using various types of biodegradable substrates as fuel. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have been considered and intensively studied as a favorable technology to attain sustainable wastewater treatment. This review summarizes the possibility of MFCs as an alternative and effective tool to generate energy via various fuel sources.