This study examines the mediation effect of employee motivation on the relationship between training and development and productivity in public sector enterprises, specifically focusing on the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) in India. The aim of this research is to investigate the role of employee motivation in enhancing the productivity of the organization and how it can be influenced by training and development initiatives. The study is conducted using a quantitative research approach, and data is collected through a survey questionnaire administered to employees of ONGC. The statistical tool used for data analysis is the multiple regression model technique and mediation analysis. The findings of the study suggest that training and development programs have a positive and significant impact on employee motivation and productivity in ONGC. Furthermore, employee motivation plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between training and development and productivity in the organization. The study provides important insights for public sector organizations, highlighting the importance of investing in employee training and development programs to enhance employee motivation and improve overall productivity.