The inability to produce enough hemoglobin (Hb) is at the root of thalassemia. Mutations in the beta (β)-globin gene lead to reduced levels of the globin chain in hemoglobin, a condition known as beta-thalassemia. Mutations that cause thalassemia are more common in people of Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and Asian ancestry. There is a wide variety of thalassemia genotypes and phenotypes due to the over 200 different mutations in the globin gene that causes the disease .HCV is an RNA virus similar to HIV and AIDS. It is the leading cause of hepatitis after blood transfusion. The global prevalence rate of HCV in thalassemia individuals varies substantially due to changes in the type and sensitivity of the tests employed, the total prevalence of HCV in the relevant population, and the timing of screening.