.

ISSN 2063-5346
For urgent queries please contact : +918130348310

EXPOSURE TO CADMIUM AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN FROM INDONESIA: LEVELS AND ASSOCIETED FACTOR

Main Article Content

Indah Kurniawati, Hasnawati Amqam, Syamsuar Manyullei, Anwar Daud, Healthy Hidayanty, Rina Previana A
» doi: 10.48047/ecb/2023.12.4.213

Abstract

Cadmium can endanger the health of pregnant women and their unborn children. Other factors that affect hair cadmium levels include cigarette smoking and seafood consumption. This study aimed to analyze the impact of cigarette smoke exposure and seafood consumption on pregnant women's hair cadmium levels. This was an quantitative cross-sectional study with a sample of 50 pregnant women. This variable of this study was cadmium in hair, which was quantified using ICP MS. The Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to assess seafood intake. The Fisher Exact Test was used in data analysis to measure the relationship between the independent and dependent variables, and logistic regression was used to calculate the likelihood of its occurrence. The results showed that 18 (36%) of 50 pregnant women had hair cadmium levels that exceeded the threshold number. A bivariate test revealed that cigarette smoke exposure (0.000) and frequency of seafood consumption (0.040) had a significant impact. Meanwhile, the pregnant woman's age (0.684), the type of seafood consumed (0.163), the use of nail polish (0.979), and the use of hair dye (0.754) had no impact on the cadmium content of her hair. The multivariate test revealed that the factor variables that most affected hair cadmium levels were Exp (B), cigarette smoke exposure (18,059), and frequency of seafood consumption (6,690). In conclusion, cigarette smoking and seafood intake are risk factors for cadmium levels in pregnant women. Exposure to cigarette smoke is the most influential variable, so pregnant women must prevent being exposed to cigarette smoke.

Article Details