The article discusses the inadequate research education and training for medical students in Vietnamese universities, with limited opportunities and guidance for students to engage in research activities. Challenges faced by medical schools in Vietnam include a lack of funding, resources, and faculty support. The article proposes a framework for research competency of medical students, which includes understanding of scientific research methods and knowledge of research design, ability to search for, evaluate and use scientific literature, ability to collect and analyze data, adherence to ethical principles in scientific research, and ability to write scientific research reports and present research results. The article emphasizes the importance of teaching and training students in the use of statistical probability to develop their scientific research capabilities.