The interaction with Europeans was the cause for the changes in the Indian economy during medieval period. Adjustments were made in Primary secondary and Exchanges sectors of Indian economy after the entry of Europeans of India after 1500. Agrarian production was meant for local consumption which was also known as subsistence economy. The requirements of foreigners brought readjustments in the pattern of agricultural production. There was a visible transformation in the production of textiles and other products. Christianity was introduced by the Portuguese and Hindus were brought into its fold. This chapter will explain the economy and the society in the 17th Century India and French expansion. The powerful Mughal Empire and European trade centers at port towns were the main reasons for the evolutions of economy and society. France witnessed and eventful period in her History during mid-seventeenth century. The finance minister to Louis XIV, Mr. Colbert formulated a policy to place the country in the premier position in all the fields. He wanted to increase the wealth and power of France. Business across the Ocean was felt more important Louis XIV and Colbert had an idea to offer Commercial and territorial privilege to French company. Colbert followed the policy of Bullionism. The import of French products against Indian merchandise was the reason why the French developed country trade with China, Japan and South East Asian Countries.