The Euphorbiaceous family is a significant family that contains various medicinal plants. Euphorbiaceae is commonly used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory. Various plants of Euphorbia species were proven to have anti-inflammatory properties. Plants belonging to this family were found to contain phenolic compounds, alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, esters, and minerals. Euphorbia herosolymitana Boiss belongs to the Euphorbiaceaefamily. E. hierosolymitana Boiss grows in different areas in Jordan. The present work aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of 39 compounds extracted from the essential oil of fresh E. herosolymitana against the cytokine IL-1 responsible for inflammation. The study was carried out using the molecular docking technique. A comparison was made between the latter derived from essential oil and Anakinra. Anakinra is considered a powerful anti-IL-1 to fight against inflammation and is already known for its activity against the receptor (IL-1) target.