The newest results in the chromatographic analysis of xenobiotics present in biological and environmental matrices are compiled and the results are critically evaluated. Examples for the employment of preconcentration and prepurification technologies, gas chromatography using electron capture detection (ECD), nitrogen phosphor detector (NPD), various mass spectrometric detection methods (MS, MS/MS, etc), liquid chromatographic methodologies such as thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatographic methods (HPLC) as well as electrically driven systems are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of the various chromatographic technologies are shortly discussed and the efficacies of the methodologies are compared. Xenobiotics included in the review are volatile organic compounds (VOC), hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon-based pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated biphenols (PCB), other polyhalogenated compounds, pesticides, etc. The application of various chromatographic methods for the determination of xenobiotics in a wide variety of biological and environmental matrices is discussed in detail.