For academics and industries, developing materials with dimensions less than 100 nm has been a breakthrough field. Nanoparticles typically display distinctive characteristics that set them apart from their bulk counterparts when their dimensions are shrunk to the nanoscale, making them particularly well-suited for use in electrical, chemical, and optical applications. These characteristics increase the appeal of nanoparticles for numerous applications while also making their characterization techniques more challenging. Finding the best characterisation methods that can analyse the properties of the nanoparticle is therefore a difficulty. In order to evaluate the qualities of nanoparticles, it is necessary to characterise them in addition to the synthesis and production procedures. For characterisation of nanoparticles and nanomaterials, several approaches can be used. This article will in-depth examine some of characterization techniques to understand different properties of nanomaterial.