Infectious diseases continue to pose significant challenges to public health globally, requiring comprehensive approaches for prevention and control. This paper presents a detailed analysis of case studies of infectious diseases, highlighting their epidemiology, transmission dynamics, clinical manifestations, and public health implications. Furthermore, it explores various strategies for the prevention and control of infectious diseases, including vaccination programs, infection control measures, public health interventions, and community engagement initiatives. By examining real-world examples and evidence-based practices, this paper aims to provide insights into effective approaches for mitigating the burden of infectious diseases and protecting population health.