Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are generally accepted to represent the highest level of evidence, and are a corner stone in practicing evidence-based medicine. So far, these efforts have been largely confined to the evaluation of the efficacy and effectiveness of therapeutic andpreventive interventions. Systematic reviews in laboratory medicine are scarce and many of them do not meet quality criteria. [clin chem. Lab. Med. 38(2000) 577]. Most of these problemsare related to the poor design and heterogeneity of primary research, and that there are no agreedmethods or quality standards of making systematic reviews in laboratory medicine. Laboratory techniques in histopathology and cytology are the foundation of the diagnostic pathology. It isextremely essential to know all the basic and advanced techniques in laboratory. This article discusses the principles, steps, and troubleshooting areas of all the essential laboratory techniques in both histology and cytology laboratories. It contains multiple information’s that explain the techniques. In addition to the various advanced techniques, microscopy in the laboratory have been discussed. Histological procedures aim to provide good quality sections that can be used for a light microscopic evaluation of human or animal tissue changes in either spontaneous or induced diseases. Routinely, tissues are fixed with neutral formalin 10%, embedded in paraffin, and then manually sectioned with a microtome to obtain 4–5 Mm-thick paraffin sections. Dewaxed sections are then stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) or can be used for other purposes (special stains, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, etc.). During this process, many steps and procedures are critical to ensure standard and interpretablesections. Key recommendations are given here to achieve this objective. I hope that the article will help all the studentsin pathology, practicing pathologists, and laboratory technologists.