Freshwater aquatic systems include ponds, rivers, lakes, springs, etc., and a significant proportion of the human population depends on the freshwater ecosystems for their food. Seafood is a major portion of the diet in tropical as well as temperate countries. With increasing anthropogenic activities, water bodies are continuously getting contaminated, and every day new kinds of pollutants are being introduced into the open waters. Pollutants not only affect aquatic organisms but also enter the food web and ultimately reach human bodies. In this article, we have reviewed some of the pollutants, their production, uses, source areas, and possible impacts on aquatic organisms. These pollutants enter the water by surface runoff, spray drift, leaching, drainage, or direct application. Some pollutants only show their effect if taken in high doses, whereas even the slightest dose of some pollutants can prove lethal. The aim of this study is to shed light on the status of pollutants and provide a brief as well as systematic literature on the same