Soil is one of the most precise tools for regulating the environmental sustainability, agricultural economy, food quality, water quality, and health of living organisms. Therefore, we can say that the contribution of soil to the global system is significant. Consequently, soil quality management becomes one of the important tasks to improve agriculture production, environmental health, food-water quality, etc. The purpose of the present paper is to provide a critical review of the soil fertility status of Rajasthan for the period 1963 to the present. The present paper is able to provide past information on soil conditions that will help guide farmers, scientists, researchers, etc., for long-term soil fertility management and the information needed to formulate future agricultural research strategies on soils.