Treatment with antibiotics is essential in the care of patients who have just had surgery. Surgery-related infections are a major worry because they raise morbidity, death, and healthcare expenditures. Surgical site infections (SSIs) can be prevented and treated with the prompt and proper administration of antibiotics, lowering the risk of complications and improving patient outcomes. The significance of antibiotic therapy in post-surgical patients and its effect on patient outcomes are both explored in this review paper. Discussion of the justification for antibiotic usage in post-surgical patients emphasizes the significance of prophylactic antibiotic therapy to prevent SSIs. Consideration should be given to the type of surgery, the area epidemiology, and the patient's characteristics when choosing the right antibiotics. Evidence supports the effectiveness of preoperative medication, making it crucial to administer antibiotics at the right time and for the right amount of time. However, it is important to take into account the potential hazards connected to extended antibiotic exposure, such as antibiotic resistance and negative consequences. In post-surgical patients, antibiotic resistance is an increasing concern, prompting the discovery of methods to lessen its effects. In order to encourage responsible antibiotic usage and fight the rise of resistant bacteria, antimicrobial stewardship programs and infection prevention strategies are essential. Antibiotic side effects can be managed proactively and decisions can be made in collaboration between patients and healthcare professionals.