Heavy metal contamination in wastewater is a significant environmental concern due to its adverse effects on public health and the ecosystem. There are various method for removing heavy metals such as adsorption, coagulation, chemical precipitation, photocatalytic-based treatments and many other. Adsorption has emerged as an effective technique for removing heavy metals from wastewater due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and high efficiency. This method involves the use of various adsorbents, such as activated carbon, zeolites, and clay minerals, which selectively remove heavy metals from the wastewater by physical or chemical interactions. The adsorption process can be influenced by various factors, including temperature, initial metal concentration, pH and contact time. Optimizing these factors can improve the adsorption efficiency. Additionally, factors such as the adsorbent dose, stirring speed, and particle size also play a crucial role in the effectiveness of adsorption. Overall, adsorption is a sustainable technique for heavy metal removal from wastewater. Further research and development of advanced adsorbents and optimization of the adsorption process are necessary to enhance the efficiency of heavy metal removal and minimize environmental and health risks associated with heavy metal pollution.