Background: Ovarian cysts may be fluid-filled. 10-15% of reproductive-age women have functional cysts. Hormonal contraceptives, obesity, PCOS, endometriosis, and ageing cause ovarian cysts. Ovarian cysts, infertility, Lynch syndrome, and clomiphene and tamoxifen in the family may increase risk. Most ovarian cysts are harmless. Large cysts or ruptures may cause pelvic pain, bloating, and bladder issues. Cysts twist or explode, producing severe pain and internal bleeding.