This study is to identify the factors of health behavior that affect the incidence of back pain in urban areas. Forty-one confirmed patients with back pain were selected as case group. Forty-one patients in the control group was also selected not to belong to back pain as a result of examination for the same period and method as the case group. This study was conducted with a survey and interview of patients who have been visited an orthopedics in a general hospital from April 6 to June 8, 2022. A total of 82 subjects were used as data. The results of this study are as follows. Firstly, in the case of non-smoking, the case group was lower than the control group, and the odds ratio was 0.50 times, and the incidence of back pain was significantly reduced (95% Cl=0.17-0.98). Secondly, the average of the case group whose sitting posture is not appropriate was 70.7 points, which was significantly higher than the average of 41.4 points of the control group (95% Cl=1.84-7.92). Thirdly, the odds ratio was 3.11 times. In the case of hardly stretching, the average score of the case group was 75.6 points, which was significantly higher than the average of 46.3 points of the control group (95% Cl=1.52-12.47). The odds ratio was 3.59 times. Fourthly, variables such as BMI, age, sitting position, walking, stretching and smoking status were included in the risk factors for back pain. Therefore, the results of this study will contribute to the prevention and treatment of back pain