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ISSN 2063-5346
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ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICACY OF SALIVARY TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AS A POTENTIAL BIOMARKER FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF RISK AND PROGNOSIS OF BREAST CANCER IN PRE- AND POST-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN- A COMPARATIVE STUDY

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Dr. Swaathi R, Dr. Madhu Narayan, Dr. Rajkumar Krishnan, Dr. Durai Mavalavan V.M., Mrs. Radha Ravindran
» doi: 10.31838/ecb/2023.12.s2.041

Abstract

Background – Breast cancer is a disease that affects women at an alarming rate, especially in the Indian subcontinent regardless of age, education level, or socioeconomic standing. Saliva is a fluid that is enriched in tumour markers in cancer patients including those types of cancer which are located outside the oral cavity, thus supporting the idea that saliva is a potential novel liquid biopsy. Miller et al. (1993) developed the TAC (Total Antioxidant Capacity) test to measure the total antioxidant status. The main benefit is that it allows you to measure not only the antioxidant capacity of a single chemical, but also the antioxidant capacity of all antioxidants in a biological sample, which makes it a novel and appropriate method with potential to be used in cancer diagnostics. Objective - To evaluate the efficacy of salivary total antioxidant capacity as a potential biomarker for the risk assessment and prognosis of Breast Cancer in pre- and post-menopausal women Methodology – In this study, 40 female participants were involved. They were majorly divided upon their menopausal status as Pre- and Post-menopausal women and were then sub-divided into 10 groups with 5 under each major group. There were 4 participants in each group. Among the 40, 32 were Breast cancer patients who were divided based upon their histopathological grade and menopausal status and 8 were healthy controls and were divided based upon their menopausal status. The samples were recruited from Department of Oncology, SRM Medical College, Kattankulathur and the analysis was done in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram. After informing the participants regarding the study, consent form was obtained from the patient. Detailed history was taken and histopathological grading were assessed before obtaining unstimulatory salivary samples from each patient. The samples were transported using an icebox within 2 hours. The samples were centrifuged and the resultant supernatants were separated, aliquoted, and kept in a -80°C freezer until analysis. Salivary TAC was measured using ELISA – FRAP [Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay – Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay] analysis.Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine the samples' normality, and the results showed that the samples were normal. This led to the implementation of parametric statistical tests – independent student t tests and one-way ANOVA [Analysis of Variance] using SPSS [Statistical Package for Social Sciences] software version 22. Results - On comparison within the Premenopausal group and within Postmenopausal group showed statistical significance respectively. The comparison among Pre-menopausal vs Post-menopausal women between subgroups showed no statistical significance.Salivary TAC levels were seen in the pre- and post-menopausal groups, respectively, at various histological cancer stages decreased with each grade of malignancy—Grade I >Grade II > Grade III and increased in the treatment group. Conclusion – Salivary TAC levels can be used as a prognostic marker for Breast Cancer especially to predict whether the disease gets worsened or improved during course of treatment.

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