Traditional medicine has relied solely on plants and plant-based natural products. Phytomedicines are a class of drugs that derive their therapeutic effects from plant-based sources. Humans have used plants for centuries as a source of medicine, and even today, there is a tremendous interest in developing natural compounds for medicinal purposes. The development of botanical drugs provides a viable alternative to traditional synthetic drugs and promises a safer alternative to drugs derived from animals or bacteria. Today there are many botanical drugs in clinical use, some of which have become generic drugs. Arthrospira platensis is the scientific name for Spirulina. It is a photosynthetic, filamentous, helical-shaped, multicellular, green-blue microalga. Arthrospira maxima and Arthrospira platensis are the two most important species. Binary fission is the mode of cell division for these type of microorganism. Botanists classify as microalga belonging to the Cyanophyceae class because it contains chlorophyll, but bacteriologists classify it as a bacteria due to its prokaryotic structure. In freshwater lakes or artificial habitats created especially for them, these group of microscopic organisms can be found living. Traditional healers have been using parts and extracts of algae to manage a range of health ailments, such as circulatory system problems, vision loss, and arthritis. Carbohydrates (15-25%), proteins (55- 70%), essential fatty acids (18%), vitamins, minerals, and pigments such as carotenes, chlorophyll a, and phycocyanin make up its chemical composition and several new metabolites that have displayed notable pharmacological effects. The current review attempts to collect and organize data from academic publications, journals, and databases on the taxonomy, botany, phytoconstituents, and pharmacological qualities of Arthrospira platensis that have been previously described. These results can serve as a reliable foundation for the suggested usage of this Arthrospira in conventional and alternative therapy.