This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in chemical fertilizers and their impact on crop productivity and sustainability. Chemical fertilizers play a vital role in modern agriculture by providing essential nutrients to crops. The paper begins with an introduction to the significance of reviewing recent advancements in chemical fertilizers. It then explores the different types of chemical fertilizers, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, and discusses their benefits and limitations in agriculture. The review focuses on recent advancements in chemical fertilizer formulations and technologies. It examines innovative approaches to improve nutrient availability and efficiency in chemical fertilizers, and evaluates their impact on crop productivity and sustainability. The effects of chemical fertilizers on crop yield and quality are discussed, along with the interactions between chemical fertilizers and other agricultural practices. Factors influencing the efficiency and effectiveness of chemical fertilizers in enhancing crop productivity are also analyzed. Additionally, the review addresses the environmental impacts of chemical fertilizer use, including nutrient runoff and greenhouse gas emissions. It explores the effects of chemical fertilizers on soil health and ecosystem integrity. Strategies and technologies to mitigate the negative impacts of chemical fertilizers and promote sustainable fertilizer management are also discussed. The paper identifies current challenges and limitations in the use of chemical fertilizers and proposes potential solutions and future directions. It emphasizes the role of integrated nutrient management and precision agriculture in optimizing the use of chemical fertilizers. The review concludes by summarizing the key findings and insights, and calls for further research and collaboration to maximize the benefits and minimize the negative impacts of chemical fertilizers in agriculture, with a focus on sustainable and environmentally friendly practices.